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Following are a selection of Abstracts from Spine, V 24, No 14, July 15, 1999 (Please hit back button to return to Table of Contents.)
1999 JSRS SPECIALTY ISSUE
Immunolocalization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Its Receptors in
Degeneration of Intervertebral Disc
Immunohistochemical study of expression and localization of bone morphogenetic
protein-2/4 and type I and II receptor on intervertebral disk was performed to
determine the biologic functions of bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors in
the degeneration of intervertebral discs.
Experimental Spinal Fusion With Use of Recombinant Human Bone
Morphogenetic Protein 2
In a study of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) for inducing
bone formation in unilateral intertransverse fusion, the optimal dose was approximately
50 µg. The rhBMP/collagen composite implant appeared be promising for achieving
successful spinal fusion by promoting new bone formation locally.
Static and Fatigue Biomechanical Properties of Anterior Thoracolumbar
Instrumentation Systems: A Synthetic Testing Model
Using a synthetic model, a biomechanical testing standard for anterior thoracolumbar
instrumentation systems was successfully designed. The subsequent comparison of 12
instrumentation systems highlights the importance of mechanically balanced device
design without a "weak link" in the development of instrumentation systems.
Biomechanical Role of the Intervertebral Disc and Costovertebral Joint in
Stability of the Thoracic Spine: A Canine Model Study
A biomechanical study was performed in a canine model to investigate the roles of the
costovertebral joint and intervertebral disc in thoracic spinal stability. Unilateral
resection of the rib head joint after partial discectomy resulted in instability with
increased main and coupled motions in lateral bending and axial rotation. This study
showed the significance of the costovertebral joint, especially the rib head joint, in
stability of the thoracic spine.
Developmental and Dynamic Canal Stenosis as Radiologic Factors Affecting
Surgical Results of Anterior Cervical Fusion for Myelopathy
Two surgical groups classified according to results (good and deteriorated) from
among 74 patients with myelopathy treated with anterior cervical fusion were selected
for analysis by lateral functional roentgenogram to assess the incidence of
developmental and dynamic canal stenosis. The deteriorated results group had a higher
incidence of canal stenosis than did the good results group.
Posterior Occipitocervical Reconstruction Using Cervical Pedicle Screws and
Plate-Rod Systems
Two surgical groups classified according to results (good and deteriorated) from
among 74 patients with myelopathy treated with anterior cervical fusion were selected
for analysis by lateral functional roentgenogram to assess the incidence of
developmental and dynamic canal stenosis. The deteriorated results group had a higher
incidence of canal stenosis than did the good results group.
Posterior Occipitocervical Reconstruction Using Cervical Pedicle Screws and
Plate-Rod Systems
Occipitocervical reconstruction using cervical pedicle screws and occipitocervical rod
systems provided high fusion rate and sufficient correction of malalignment in the
occipitoatlantoaxial region in 26 patients.
Results of the Scoliosis Research Society Instrument for Evaluation of
Surgical Outcome in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Multicenter Study of
244 Patients
A valid and reliable quality-of-life instrument has been developed for assessing surgical
outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. It is a simple and practical disease-specific
questionnaire that provides measures of pain, self-image, function, and satisfaction in
scoliotic patients.
Comparison of Five Methods Used to Determine Low Back Disorder Risk in
a Manufacturing Environment
Five methods for assessing occupational low back disorder risk were compared using
178 autoworkers from 93 production jobs. Overall, the NIOSH lifting equation
indicated higher risk than the Lumbar Motion Monitor model and the two variations of
the UAW-GM risk factor checklist, which, in turn, indicated higher risk than the
three-dimensional Static Strength Prediction Program.
Potential Usefulness of 18F-2-Fluoro-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission
Tomography in Cervical Compressive Myelopathy
Seven patients with cervical myelopathy were evaluated before and after surgery with
18F-2-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography. results showed the
potential usefulness of this imaging technique for assessment of metabolic activity of the
compromised cervical spinal cord in compressive myelopathy.
One-Year Predictive Factors for Various Aspects of Neck Disorders
The factors that predict various aspects of neck disorders were studied in a
longitudinal study conducted over 12 months among active workers. Female sex and
old age were predictors for neck disorders. Headhache or pain in the head,
psychological distress, and psychosomatic problems were predictors for both
incidence and persistence of neck disorders.
Smoking and Low Back Pain: A Systematic Literature Review of 41 Journal
Articles Reporting 47 Epidemiologic Studies
The increasingly accepted theory that smoking causes low back pain may have arisen
because of biases in data reporting, which has focused mainly on the positive findings,
ignoring results that do not support a smoking-low back pain association. An review of
the literature showed that smoking should be considered a risk indicator and not a
definite cause of low back pain.
Thromboembolic Complications After Major Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery
The incidence of symptomatic pulmonary embolism after major spinal surgery at the
authors' institution was 2.2%, with a greater incidence after anterior/posterior spinal
fusion (6%) than after posterior spinal fusion (0.5%). Prospective screening with
duplex ultrasound and lung scans is not helpful in identifying thromboembolic disease
before it becomes symptomatic.
Peroperative Determination of Safe Superior Transarticular Screw Trajectory
Through the Lateral Mass
Computerized anatomic reconstruction of the dry axis lateral mass with transarticular
screw trajectory simulations was performed. Computer-aided design techniques were
used to determine radiologic guidelines for safe superior transarticular screw trajectory
and to develop a technique that provides real-time intraoperative guidance during
screw placement.
Traumatic L1-L2 Dislocation Without Fracture in a 6-Year-Old Girl:
Incomplete Neurologic Deficit and Total Recovery
A case report of a complete L1-L2 dislocation without fracture in a 6-year-old girl
with incomplete neurologic deficit who was treated surgically. Complete neurologic
recovery with good alignment was observed after surgery.
Difficulties in Estimating Muscle Forces From Muscle Cross-Sectional Area:
An Example Using the Psoas Major Muscle
Data were compared from nine studies on cross-sectional areas of the psoas major
muscle. Results indicate that use of data from raw magnetic resonance imaging or
computed tomography scan inflates true muscle cross-sectional area, that females have
smaller cross-sectional areas than males, and that height and weight in males have no
impact on psoas major cross-sectional area.
The Old and the New Camptocormia
A psychogenic forced posture with a forward-bent trunk was termed
"camptocormia"by Souques in 1915. This syndrome must be differentiated from
recently described "camptocormic" postural anomalies resulting from somatics diseases
of the paravertebral muscles.
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